Mongolia boasts the world’s largest intact grassland. This expansive region, which includes the Gobi Desert, has been home to semi-nomadic pastoralists and their livestock for at least a thousand years. It is also a critical habitat for nomadic ungulate species such as the Khulan, Goitered gazelle and Mongolian gazelle. These species require vast, open spaces where they can roam freely to find food and water – but their future is increasingly uncertain. Climate change has made water even more unpredictable in this dry region, and much of the grassland lacks formal legal protection, leaving it vulnerable to illegal mining and other extractive industries. The landscape has also become increasingly fragmented, as fences along new and existing railway lines curtail the movement of people and wildlife alike.